Chroogomphus (Singer) O.K. Mill.
The European members of this genus are recognized by their overall appearance, hymenophore of gills, and the presence of fugacious arachnoid (like spiders net) veil.
Chroogomphus rutilus (Schaeff. : Fr.) O.K. Mill.
Description
Fruitbodies with fugacious arachnoid veil, its remnants seen in the upper part of the stipe. Cap up to 10 cm, usually umbonate, rarely hemispherical, convex or flat-convex in very old fruitbodies, coppery, vinaceous, sometimes greyish vnaceous or brown, smooth when dry, viscid when wet. Stipe most often cylindrical or sometimes spindle-shaped and usually tapering towards the base, similarly coloured but paler than the cap, yellowish in the lower part of the stipe, fibrillose. Flesh cream, reddish to vinaceous in the stipe, reddening when exposed to air. Gills ochraceous when young, gradually becoming brownish with olivaceous tint or blackish with age. Smell not distinctive. Taste not distinctive. Spores 15–22 × 5–7 μm.
Habitat. In coniferous and mixed forests, mycorrhizal with pines (Pinus).
Distribution. Widespread in Europe.
Similarity. Similar and might be confused with Chroogomphus helveticus, but the later has dry cottony or felty cap surface and differently coloured gills and flesh.
Photographs
Fruitbodies of Chroogomphus rutilus. (photo I. Assyova)
Fruitbodies of Chroogomphus rutilus. (photo B. Assyov)
Chroogomphus rutilus - detail of the cap surface. (photo B. Assyov)
Important literature
Breitenbach J. & Kränzlin F. 1991. Pilze der Schweiz. Bd. 3(1). Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze. Verlag Mykologia, Luzern.
Bresinsky, A. 1965. Exsikkatenschlüssel für die Gattung Gomphidius in Mitteleuropa (Agaricales). – Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 5: 125–134. (available online)
Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. [eds.]. 2008. Funga Nordica. Nordsvamp, Kopenhagen.
Pilát, A. & Dermek, A. 1974. Hríbovité huby. Československé hríbovité a sliziakovité huby (Boletaceae – Gomphidiaceae). Veda, Bratislava.
Watling, R. 1970. Boletaceae, Gomphidiaceae, Paxillaceae. – In: Henderson, D.M., Orton, P.D. & Watling, R. [eds]. British fungus flora. Agarics and Boleti. Vol. 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
Watling, R. & Hills, A.E. 2005. Boletes and their allies (revised and enlarged edition). – In: Henderson, D.M., Orton, P.D. & Watling, R. [eds]. British Fungus Flora. Agarics and boleti. Vol. 1. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.